Work out which specialty fits, and how to get in.

Every Australian specialty training program in one place: entry pathways, formal requirements, points systems, real competition ratios, exams, incomes, job markets, and honest stage-by-stage advice on maximising your chances. Built for medical students, prevocational doctors and anyone rethinking their path.

45specialty pages (30 programs + physician subspecialties)
16colleges & faculties covered
3–7+ yrsprogram lengths compared
July 2026last reviewed against official sources
Accessible entry Moderate High competition Extreme competition ≤4 yrs 5–6 yrs 7+ yrs

Surgery

RACS (Board of Cardiothoracic Surgery)

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hearts and lungs, bypass, valves, transplants, thoracic oncology. The lowest selection success rate in SET and a small consultant market to match.

Extreme6 yrs$500,000–1,000,000+
RACS / General Surgeons Australia (GSA)

General Surgery

The biggest surgical specialty, abdominal, breast/endocrine, trauma and emergency surgery, with subspecialisation after fellowship.

High5 yrs$400,000–700,000+
RACS / Neurosurgical Society of Australasia (NSA)

Neurosurgery

The smallest, longest and most selective surgical program, extraordinary work for a tiny, research-heavy cohort.

Extreme7 yrs$600,000–1,000,000+
RANZCO

Ophthalmology

Microsurgery of the eye, cataracts, retina, glaucoma, clinic-based, lifestyle-compatible and among the most competitive programs in the country.

Extreme5 yrs$600,000–1,200,000+
RACS / Australian Orthopaedic Association (AOA)

Orthopaedic Surgery

Bones, joints and trauma, the most applied-to surgical program, with a famous CV arms race and top-of-scale consultant earnings.

Extreme5 yrs$600,000–1,200,000+
RACS / Australian Society of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery (ASOHNS)

Otolaryngology. Head & Neck Surgery (ENT)

Ear, nose, throat, airway and head & neck cancer, fine surgery, big clinic volumes, excellent private demand and a very competitive gate.

Extreme5 yrs$500,000–900,000+
RACS (Board of Paediatric Surgery / ANZAPS)

Paediatric Surgery

Surgery of children from neonates up, congenital anomalies to appendicitis, in a tiny, children's-hospital-based workforce.

Extreme6 yrs$350,000–600,000
RACS / Australian Board of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (ASPS)

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery

Reconstruction, hands, burns, skin cancer and microsurgery, with a private/cosmetic tail that makes selection ferociously competitive.

Extreme5 yrs$500,000–1,500,000+
RACS / Urological Society of Australia & New Zealand (USANZ)

Urology

Kidneys, prostate, bladder and stones, tech-rich surgery (robotics, lasers, scopes) with strong demand and, recently, friendlier odds than the other 'glamour' programs.

High5 yrs$500,000–900,000+
RACS / Australian & New Zealand Society for Vascular Surgery (ANZSVS)

Vascular Surgery

Open and endovascular surgery of arteries and veins, aneurysms, carotids, limb salvage, a small, intense program with dual open/wire skills.

High5 yrs$500,000–900,000+

Medicine (physician)

RACP

Basic Physician Training (Adult Medicine)

The gateway to every adult physician specialty. 3 years of broad internal medicine, two famous exams, then advanced training in your chosen field.

Moderate6 yrs$342,457
Australasian College of Dermatologists (ACD)

Dermatology

Skin, hair and nails in the skin-cancer capital of the world, office-hours procedural medicine and the single most competitive training program in the country.

Extreme4 yrs$500,000–1,000,000+
RACP (Chapter of Palliative Medicine, AChPM)

Palliative Medicine

Specialist care of people with life-limiting illness, deeply meaningful, accessible to enter, in demand everywhere, and open via multiple routes.

Accessible3 yrs$250,000–400,000
RACP

Cardiology (via BPT)

The most competitive physician specialty, procedural, acute, prestigious, and the top of the physician income scale.

Extreme6 yrs$500,000–1,000,000+
RACP

Clinical Genetics (via BPT)

Diagnosing the genome, a tiny, academic specialty at the centre of medicine's genomic transformation.

Moderate6 yrs$280,000–420,000
RACP

Clinical Immunology & Allergy (via BPT)

A small dual clinical/lab specialty riding the allergy epidemic, food allergy, immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.

Moderate6 yrs$300,000–550,000
RACP

Endocrinology & Diabetes (via BPT)

Hormones, diabetes and metabolic disease, clinic-based physician medicine with sane hours and universal demand.

Moderate6 yrs$300,000–500,000
RACP

Gastroenterology & Hepatology (via BPT)

Endoscopy-driven physician specialty, the other 'most competitive' AT, with procedural private earnings to match.

Extreme6 yrs$500,000–900,000+
RACP

General & Acute Care Medicine (via BPT)

The complete physician, undifferentiated complexity, multimorbidity and acute medical units; the most recruited physician specialty in regional Australia.

Accessible6 yrs$300,000–450,000
RACP

Geriatric Medicine (via BPT)

Complex care of older people, the fastest-growing demand curve in medicine, an accessible entry, and superb flexibility.

Accessible6 yrs$300,000–450,000
RACP

Haematology (via BPT)

Blood cancers, clotting and the lab, a joint clinical/laboratory specialty (RACP + RCPA) with transplant and CAR-T at its tertiary end.

High7 yrs$350,000–600,000
RACP

Infectious Diseases (via BPT)

Diagnostic detective work across the whole hospital, often dual-trained with microbiology; public-sector weighted with global-health reach.

Moderate6 yrs$300,000–450,000
RACP

Medical Oncology (via BPT)

Systemic cancer therapy in the immunotherapy era, a rapidly expanded specialty with deep clinics and a big clinical-trials engine.

High6 yrs$350,000–650,000
RACP

Nephrology (via BPT)

Kidneys, dialysis and transplantation, deep physiology, loyal patients, and one of the easier entries among the 'serious' physician specialties right now.

Moderate6 yrs$300,000–500,000
RACP

Neurology (via BPT)

The brain without the scalpel, stroke reperfusion has made neurology acute, procedural-adjacent and increasingly sought after.

High6 yrs$350,000–600,000
RACP

Respiratory & Sleep Medicine (via BPT)

Lungs, sleep and bronchoscopy, solid demand, moderate competition, and a sleep-medicine private arm that supports flexible careers.

Moderate6 yrs$350,000–600,000
RACP

Rheumatology (via BPT)

Autoimmune joint and connective-tissue disease in the biologics era, clinic medicine with excellent lifestyle and busy private demand.

Moderate6 yrs$300,000–550,000

Critical care & anaesthesia

ANZCA

Anaesthesia

Applied physiology and pharmacology in real time, procedural, well-paid, lifestyle-compatible, and increasingly competitive to enter.

High5 yrs$400,000–700,000+
ACEM

Emergency Medicine

The front door of the hospital, undifferentiated acuity, procedures and shift work; accessible entry, but read the consultant job-market fine print.

Moderate5 yrs$2,500–3,500
CICM

Intensive Care Medicine

The sickest patients in the hospital, physiology at the edge. Accessible to start, brutal exams, and a famously tight consultant job market.

Moderate6 yrs$3,000
Faculty of Pain Medicine, ANZCA (FPM)

Pain Medicine

A second fellowship for anaesthetists, physicians, psychiatrists and others, multidisciplinary chronic pain plus interventional procedures.

Moderate2 yrs$400,000–700,000+

General practice & rural

RACGP (AGPT Program)

General Practice

The broadest specialty and the shortest pathway, whole-person, cradle-to-grave medicine with unmatched flexibility, now backed by major new government incentives.

Accessible3 yrs$250,000–450,000+
ACRRM (FACRRM) / RACGP-RG

Rural Generalist Medicine

GP + emergency + a procedural advanced skill (anaesthetics, obstetrics, surgery…), the most needed doctor in Australia, now a recognised specialist field.

Accessible4 yrs$400,000–600,000+

Psychiatry & mental health

RANZCP

Psychiatry

Medicine of the mind, deep, story-driven work with accessible entry, humane hours, severe workforce shortage and rapidly improving private economics.

Accessible5 yrs$300,000–600,000+

Women's & children's

RANZCOG

Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Surgery + medicine + birth, the complete women's-health specialty; competitive entry (~3:1), heavy on-call, and a selection process that just changed materially.

High6 yrs$350,000–700,000+
RACP (Paediatrics & Child Health Division)

Paediatrics & Child Health

Medicine of infants, children and adolescents. 3 years basic + 3 years advanced training, from general paediatrics to neonatal intensive care.

Moderate6 yrs$250,000–500,000,

Diagnostics, pathology & oncology

RANZCR

Clinical Radiology

The diagnostic engine of modern medicine, imaging across every specialty, interventional options, strong demand and top-tier income; competitive entry via networked training sites.

High5 yrs$500,000–800,000+
RCPA

Pathology

The science behind every diagnosis, anatomical, chemical, haematology, microbiology, forensic and more; accessible entry, deep shortage, genuine work-life sanity.

Accessible5 yrs$350,000–600,000+
RANZCR (Faculty of Radiation Oncology)

Radiation Oncology

Physics-powered cancer medicine, long patient relationships, cutting-edge technology, office hours, and a small thoughtful intake.

Moderate5 yrs$450,000–700,000+
Joint RACP / RANZCR pathways (AANMS)

Nuclear Medicine (via BPT)

PET, functional imaging and theranostics, a small hybrid specialty at the centre of the radioligand-therapy boom.

Moderate6 yrs$400,000–650,000+

Public health, administration & other

RACMA

Medical Administration

Leading the system itself, the specialty of medical directors, DMSs and CMOs; usually a mid-career move, increasingly a deliberate early one.

Accessible3 yrsvaries
RACP. Australasian Faculty of Occupational & Environmental Medicine (AFOEM)

Occupational & Environmental Medicine

Work and health, fitness for duty, injury systems, toxicology and workplace populations; a small, well-paid field most doctors never consider.

Accessible4 yrs$300,000–600,000+
RACP. Australasian Faculty of Public Health Medicine (AFPHM)

Public Health Medicine

Populations as the patient, epidemiology, policy, outbreak response and health-system design; modest pay by medical standards, outsized impact.

Moderate3 yrsvaries
RACP. Australasian Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (AFRM)

Rehabilitation Medicine

Function over cure, stroke, brain injury, spinal cord, amputee and MSK rehab; accessible entry, growing demand, humane hours.

Accessible4 yrs$300,000–500,000+
ACSEP

Sport & Exercise Medicine

Non-surgical MSK and athletic care, from weekend warriors to professional teams; a small college with a passionate, competitive-but-tiny intake.

High4 yrs$250,000–500,000+
About the dataRatios and incomes marked “verified” were checked against official sources in July 2026; “indicative” figures are careful estimates. Everything here changes annually; verify anything that matters against the colleges' current documents. Methodology & sources →